Do’s and Don’ts of Buying a Used Motorcycle

Buying a used motorcycle can be an exciting yet daunting experience. Whether you’re a seasoned rider looking for a new project or a first-time buyer eager to hit the open road, the process requires careful consideration and a keen eye for detail. With countless options available and potential pitfalls lurking around every corner, knowing what to look for and what to avoid is crucial. A well-maintained used bike can offer incredible value and years of enjoyment, but a poorly chosen one can lead to endless headaches and costly repairs.

In this blog, we'll guide you through the do's and don'ts of buying a used motorcycle. Drawing on industry expertise and practical tips, we'll cover everything from the initial inspection to finalising the paperwork. By following this comprehensive guide, you'll be equipped with the knowledge to make an informed decision and secure a bike that meets your needs and expectations. So, buckle up and get ready to embark on your motorcycle-buying journey with confidence.

Initial Inspection

Your first impression of a motorcycle can tell you a lot about its history and how well it has been cared for. Look closely at the overall appearance. A bike that shines and looks well-maintained often reflects pride of ownership. Cleanliness is a good indicator that the previous owner paid attention to detail and took good care of the bike. Check the bodywork, paint, and chrome for any signs of neglect. Small scuffs and scratches are normal, but extensive damage or mismatched paint can be red flags.

Beware of motorcycles that have been superficially cleaned for a quick sale. It's easy for sellers to make a bike look good on the surface while hiding underlying issues. Pay attention to the hard-to-reach places where dirt and grime can accumulate. These areas often reveal how thoroughly the bike has been maintained. Look for inconsistencies in cleanliness that might indicate a rushed cleanup job rather than regular maintenance.

If the bike has plastic fairings, examine the tabs that connect them to the frame. These are usually the first parts to break in a crash. Check for signs of repairs, such as glue marks or zip ties, which can indicate past accidents. A well-maintained bike will have intact and secure fairings.

While minor scratches and dents might seem insignificant, they can sometimes indicate bigger underlying issues. Take detailed photos of any damages you find for reference. This can help you negotiate the price and ensure that there are no hidden surprises later on. By paying close attention to these details during your initial inspection, you can get a better sense of the bike's true condition and avoid costly mistakes.

Examining the Mechanical Components

Before starting the bike, take a close look at the exhaust system. Ensure the exhaust is solidly mounted and free from major dents or rust. A solid exhaust system is crucial as it endures a lot of vibration from the engine, which can cause mounts and pipes to fail over time. Carefully feel around the exhaust for any hidden corrosion or weak spots that could indicate a potential problem.

Dents in the exhaust header can lead to performance issues. Get down low and inspect the exhaust from underneath. You might need to lie on your back to get a proper view. Dents and rust are tell-tale signs of neglect or accidents that might affect how the bike runs.

While you’re examining the exhaust, take the opportunity to check the frame for any signs of damage. Look for dents, scrapes, or cracks that could indicate the bike has been in an accident. Feel the frame with your hands to detect any issues that might not be immediately visible.

Check the steering head bearings by rocking the bike back and forth with the front brake engaged. Any movement or clicking sounds can signal that the bearings are loose or worn out. Inspect the steering stops for any signs of impact damage, as this can suggest the bike has experienced a crash.

Sit on the bike and squeeze the clutch lever. It should operate smoothly without any snags or pops. Ensure there’s some free play before the clutch engages, as this prevents excessive wear. While holding the clutch, the bike should roll easily when in gear.

A little slack in the clutch cable is normal, but too much can indicate the need for adjustment or replacement. Excessive slack can affect the bike’s performance and your control over it.

Test the brakes by rolling the bike forward and gently applying the front brake. The lever should feel smooth, and the bike should stop without making any strange noises. Release the brake and ensure the bike rolls freely without dragging. Bring a set of calipers to measure the rotor thickness and compare it with the minimum thickness stamped on the rotor.

During your brake inspection, feel for any pulsing in the lever when applying the brakes. This can indicate a bent rotor, which will need attention. Ensure the brake pads have enough life left and that the calipers are functioning correctly.

Inspecting the Suspension and Drive System

Press down firmly on the front end of the bike and observe how the forks respond. They should return to their original position slowly and smoothly without any loud noises. Examine the fork seals for signs of oil leakage, as this can indicate worn seals that need replacing.

Run your fingers along the fork tubes to check for any rust, nicks, or creases. Rust can lead to serious issues, and a bent fork usually means the bike has been involved in an accident. Ensure the forks are clean, shiny, and smooth to avoid costly repairs.

Bounce up and down on the seat to test the rear shock(s). They should offer resistance and return the bike to its normal position without excessive bouncing. Properly functioning shocks are crucial for a smooth ride and handling.

Examine the rear shock for any signs of leakage or damage. If the shock feels too soft or too hard, it may need adjustment or replacement, which can be costly.

Check the tension of the drive chain by pulling it away from the rear sprocket. You should not be able to pull it farther than halfway off the sprocket tooth. Examine the chain for rust, binding links, or excessive wear.

Inspect the sprockets for hooked, pointed, or chipped teeth. If the teeth are leaning over, it’s a sign of excessive wear, and both the chain and sprockets should be replaced. Consistent chain tension when spinning the rear wheel indicates a healthy drive system.

By thoroughly examining these mechanical components, you can ensure the used motorcycle you’re considering is in good working condition and avoid potential future problems.

Assessing the Wheels and Tires

Inspect both tires for even wear and tear. Smooth, even wear across the tire is ideal, while excessive wear in the center could indicate long-distance riding or burnouts, both of which can strain the engine and transmission. Look at the 4-digit DOT code on the tire's sidewall to check the manufacturing date; tires older than six years should be replaced.

Look for any cuts, cracks, or bulges on the tires. These can be signs of damage that could lead to a blowout. Ensure there are no flat spots or irregularities in the tread that could affect the bike's handling and safety.

Spin both wheels to check for dents, dings, or wobbles. Place the bike on a stand and watch the wheels from both the side and the rear. Properly aligned and damage-free wheels are crucial for a smooth and safe ride.

While spinning the wheels, listen for any grinding or clicking sounds, which could indicate worn wheel bearings. Smooth, noise-free rotation is a sign of healthy bearings.

Checking the Fuel System and Fluids

Open the fuel cap and look inside the tank with a flashlight. The fuel should be clear and amber-coloured, and the interior should be free from rust and sediment. If you see any sediment, gently rock the bike to see if it moves.

Dark or murky fuel should be replaced, and the fuel system should be flushed. Be wary of tanks that have been coated to cover up rust, as this can hide significant issues.

With the engine cold, remove the coolant cap and inspect the coolant. It should be neon green and smell sweet. Brown coolant indicates rust or oil contamination, which can lead to costly repairs.

If you see an oily sheen on the coolant, it could indicate a leaking head gasket or other major engine issues. Avoid purchasing a bike with this problem unless you're prepared for extensive repairs.

If the bike has a sight glass, check the oil's colour and clarity. Clean, syrupy-looking oil indicates recent changes, while black oil is normal but might need changing soon.

Milky or frothy oil indicates water contamination, which is a serious problem. Also, avoid bikes with shiny metal flakes in the oil, as this suggests internal engine damage.

By carefully checking these aspects, you can ensure the used motorcycle is in good condition and avoid unpleasant surprises later on.

Inspecting the Electrical System

Sit on the bike and run through all the electrical switches. Check the headlights on both high and low beams, blinkers, hazard lights, horn, and any other electrical components. Make sure everything operates smoothly and as expected.

While the bike is idling, check if the headlights dim. This can indicate a weak battery or an idle set too low. Ensure the battery is in good condition and holds a charge well.

Pull the front brake lever and press the rear brake pedal to ensure the brake lights activate properly. Functioning brake lights are essential for safety and legal compliance.

Inspect the wiring for any fraying, corrosion, or loose connections. Secure and intact wiring ensures reliable performance and reduces the risk of electrical failures.

Reviewing the Paperwork and Ownership History

Check the bike’s VIN number against the title to ensure they match. The VIN is usually located on the steering head of the frame. Ensure the title is clear of any liens and the numbers are untampered.

Ask for all service records and receipts. A well-documented maintenance history indicates the bike has been well cared for. If the seller performed their own maintenance, look for receipts for parts and detailed records of the work done.

Consider obtaining an official Motorcycle History Report. It’s an inexpensive way to ensure the bike hasn’t been in major accidents or had significant issues in the past.

Make sure the bike’s registration is current and matches the seller’s information. If the bike is registered in another state or doesn’t have a current registration, contact the appropriate department to understand the fees and processes for transferring and updating it.

By thoroughly reviewing the electrical system and paperwork, you can confidently proceed with your purchase, knowing the bike's legal and operational status is sound.

Cold Start and Engine Check

Ask the seller not to start the bike before you arrive. A cold start lets you see how well the bike starts when it's been sitting. Notice if it starts easily or struggles.

Watch the exhaust when the engine starts. A little smoke is okay for older bikes, but blue smoke means burning oil, and white smoke could indicate a coolant leak. Both are signs of potential engine problems.

Pay attention to the engine's sounds. It should run smoothly without knocking, rattling, or pinging noises. Unusual sounds can point to internal issues that might need costly repairs.

Avoid revving the engine hard during the cold start. Let it warm up gently to check for any issues without causing additional stress.

Final Safety and Professional Inspection

Once you've decided to buy, have a qualified mechanic do a thorough safety inspection. They can spot problems you might have missed and ensure the bike is safe to ride.

Never skip the safety check. Even if the bike looks and runs well, a professional inspection is essential for your safety.

If the mechanic finds issues, address them promptly. Taking care of necessary repairs early can prevent bigger problems down the road and ensure a safe riding experience.

By performing these last checks, you ensure the bike is not only a good deal but also safe and ready for the road.

Final Safety Check and Mechanic Inspection

After purchasing the bike, have it inspected by a qualified motorcycle mechanic. They can spot issues that might not be visible to the untrained eye and ensure the bike is safe to ride.

Safety should always be your top priority. A thorough check by a mechanic can identify any potential problems with the bike’s brakes, tires, suspension, and other critical components. This step is essential for your peace of mind and safety on the road.

If the mechanic finds any issues, address them promptly. Proper maintenance and timely repairs will keep your bike running smoothly and safely for years to come.

Buying a used motorcycle can be a rewarding experience if you know what to look for and what to avoid. Follow these do's and don'ts to ensure you make a smart purchase. Inspect the bike thoroughly, test ride it, and review all paperwork carefully. Prioritize safety by getting a professional mechanic’s inspection before hitting the road. With these tips, you’ll find a reliable and enjoyable bike that suits your needs and budget. Enjoy your ride!

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